Tuesday, April 14, 2020

SAMOAN CHIEF ESCAPES FROM SAIPAN TO GUAM


I'IGA PISA OF SAMOA


I'iga Pisa was a Samoan noble in status and in personality. People described him as pleasing and excellent in his speech and demeanor, besides being tall and regal.

But he lived during German colonial times and was all for Samoan independence. In 1908, tension between Samoan chiefs and the German colonial heads heated up as the chiefs saw their power slipping away. Samoan resisters organized and called themselves Mau a Pule, mau being a Samoan word meaning "resolve" or "unwavering." In 1909, the Germans decided to exile leading members of Mau a Pule far across to the other side of the Pacific, to another island the Germans controlled, Saipan. I'iga Pisa was one of those deported there.




FROM SAMOA TO SAIPAN
Both under German control

Just five years later, the Germans who had imprisoned him were themselves imprisoned when the Japanese took over Saipan in 1914. Japan had no quarrel with Samoans, but finding them transportation to Samoa would be more of a problem. Pisa also found out that his part of Samoa was passed from German control to New Zealand control. The German language he had started to learn in Saipan was now useless to him. He had to learn English if he were to return to Samoa and be of any use in the struggle for Samoan independence.


ALL BY HIMSELF IN A DUGOUT CANOE

Where could he learn English? Guam! Guam was just 136 miles away and he knew that Guam was in American hands. How would he get there? Most of the time he was in Saipan, Pisa had used a small dugout canoe for fishing. He made a paddle and on one night in 1915, he set off for Guam all by himself in his small canoe. He passed Tinian and then was out on the high seas. When he lost sight of all land, he started to become anxious. He had no compass but he knew about the southern cross and he knew, from the rising and setting of the sun, where south was; south where Guam lay!

Fatigue started to get the best of him and, as he nodded himself to sleep, the paddle fell from his hand into the sea. But, he looked up and saw Luta (Rota). He made it on land and crashed asleep in a cave. Some Chamorros found him and gave him food and water but, most of all, kept his secret. Even when a ship from Saipan came looking for him, the Chamorros told them that Pisa had rowed away for Saipan already. The Chamorros on Luta urged him not to row his canoe to Guam; it was too dangerous they said. But Pisa said he had paddled even longer, from Saipan to Luta and he survived. The Chamorros on Luta then relented. With a brand new paddle, Pisa set off for Guam, which he could already see at a distance when he was on the high ground in Luta.



I'IGA PISA'S ROUTE FROM SAIPAN TO GUAM
All by himself in a small, dugout canoe


FINALLY ON GUAM

It was around 1PM when Pisa made landfall on a deserted beach in northern Guam. He fell asleep and was later awakened by the sound of a man moving about. It was a Chamorro, who seemed to be slightly drunk from tuba, which Pisa knew from Saipan. The Chamorro was friendly; perhaps, in part, thanks to the liquor. The Chamorro offered him food. The Chamorro had no idea what Samoa was and was more satisfied thinking that Pisa was a Carolinian as the Chamorros were used to seeing. The Chamorro believed it would be best for Pisa to stay at his ranch and feed his pigs.

Pisa finally reached Hagåtña with his new Chamorro friend and insisted on going straight to the authorities. He marveled at Hagåtña's clean and tidy layout; at automobiles, which had not come to Samoa or Saipan yet, and electric lights. Pisa had with him a letter of recommendation his German school teacher in Saipan had written. Governor William J. Maxwell had a German-speaking member of the Marine band come and translate it. It made a positive difference since Pisa could not explain himself in English, though he could converse a bit in Chamorro to the Chamorro guards.


QUESTIONED BY THE GOVERNOR

The following day, Pisa was sent to be questioned by the Governor. Maxwell had José Torres Roberto, a young government clerk, act as an interpreter. Roberto would use Chamorro with Pisa, but it turned out that Pisa didn't know enough Chamorro to communicate at length. So the German-speaking band member was called again, since Pisa had a better command of German.

Luckily for Pisa, the German captain of the SMS Cormoran, hiding in Apra Harbor from the Japanese, was able to inform Governor Maxwell about Pisa's identity and why he ended up in Saipan. Maxwell did not think Pisa should go to Guam's government schools to learn English. The Governor would find some other way. Not long after, Pisa was put to work at the government printing office as a type setter. That way he would learn the English language, putting the letters together to print out bulletins in English. People he associated with, both inside and outside work, spoke to him in English and helped him learn that way, too. Maxwell decided Pisa should wait until the war was over and see who truly got control over Samoa before Pisa returned.



GOVERNOR WILLIAM J. MAXWELL



ON TO HONOLULU THEN SAMOA

Well, World War I eventually ended in 1918. Germany lost that war and New Zealand's control over most of Samoa was confirmed. But Pisa took the advice of the new American Governor of Guam to wait till a Navy transport could take him to Honolulu for free, since he had worked for the Naval Government for four years. The Governor also gave Pisa a letter of recommendation for the Navy heads in Pearl Harbor and, sure enough, Pisa got a job with the Navy in Hawaii and then later at a private printing company.

But Pisa's family wanted him back in Samoa, and so did the New Zealand colonial government there. Pisa had a good knowledge of English by now and would be useful in Samoa's governmental offices. His congenial personality won him man friends in Honolulu who were sad to see him go. His departure even made the Hawaii newspapers. He returned to Samoa and worked for the Department of Native Affairs until 1942.

He passed away in 1965.

Memoirs of I'iga Pisa, Marianas Variety, Saipan, October 13, 20, 27, 1972.


VERSIÓN EN ESPAÑOL
(Traducida por Manuel Rodríguez)



JEFE SAMOANO ESCAPA DE SAIPAN A GUAM.

I'iga Pisa era un noble samoano en status y personalidad. La gente lo describió como agradable y excelente en su discurso y comportamiento, además de ser alto y regio.
Pero vivió durante la época colonial alemana y él anhelaba la independencia de Samoa. En 1908, la tensión entre los jefes samoanos y los jefes coloniales alemanes aumentó cuando los samoanos vieron que su poder se desvanecía. La resistencia samoana se organizó y se llamó a sí misma Mau a Pule, “mau” es una palabra samoana que significa "resolución" o "inquebrantable". En 1909, los alemanes decidieron exiliar a los principales miembros de Mau a Pule al otro lado del Pacífico, a otra isla que los alemanes controlaban, Saipán. I'iga Pisa fue uno de los deportados allí.

Solo cinco años después, los alemanes que lo habían encarcelado fueron también hechos prisioneros cuando los japoneses se apoderaron de Saipán en 1914. Japón no discutió con los samoanos, pero encontrarles transporte a Samoa sería un problema mayor. Pisa también descubrió que parte de Samoa había pasado del control alemán al control de Nueva Zelanda. El idioma alemán que había comenzado a aprender en Saipán ahora era inútil para él. Tenía que aprender inglés para regresar a su país y ser útil en la lucha por la independencia de Samoa.

TODO POR SÍ MISMO EN UNA CANOA DUGOUT

¿Dónde podría aprender inglés? ¡Guam! Sabía que Guam estaba en manos estadounidenses. ¿Cómo llegaría él allí? La mayor parte del tiempo que estuvo en Saipán, Pisa había usado una pequeña canoa para pescar. Hizo una paleta y, una noche de 1915, se dirigió solo hacia Guam en su pequeña canoa. Pasó junto a Tinián y luego salió a alta mar. Cuando perdió de vista tierra, comenzó a ponerse ansioso. No tenía brújula, pero conocía la cruz del sur y sabía, por la salida y puesta del sol, dónde estaba el sur; el sur donde yacía Guam.

La fatiga comenzó a arrebatar lo mejor de él y, mientras asentía para dormir, la paleta cayó de su mano al mar. Pero, levantó la vista y vio Rota. Llegó a tierra y se durmió en una cueva. Algunos chamorros lo encontraron y le dieron comida y agua pero, sobre todo, mantuvieron su secreto. Incluso cuando un barco de Saipán vino a buscarlo, los chamorros les dijeron que Pisa ya había regresado a Saipán. Los chamorros de Rota lo instaron a no continuar su viaje en canoa hacia Guam; Era demasiado peligroso, le dijeron. Pero Pisa les respondió que había remado aún más, desde Saipán hasta Rota y estaba vivo. Los chamorros de Rota cedieron entonces. Con una nueva paleta, Pisa partió hacia Guam, que ya había podido ver desde la distancia cuando había subido a la parte elevada de Rota.

FINALMENTE EN GUAM
 
Era alrededor de la 1:00 p.m. cuando Pisa tocó tierra en una playa desierta en el norte de Guam. Se durmió y luego fue despertado por el sonido de un hombre moviéndose. Era un chamorro, que parecía estar un poco borracho de tuba, bebida que Pisa conocía de Saipán. El chamorro era amigable, en la forma en que el licor a menudo hace a un hombre. El chamorro le ofreció comida; no tenía idea de qué era Samoa y estaba más satisfecho pensando que Pisa era carolino como los chamorros estaban acostumbrados a ver; y el chamorro creía que sería mejor para Pisa quedarse en su rancho y alimentar a sus cerdos.

Pisa finalmente llegó a Hagåtña con su nuevo amigo chamorro e insistió en ir directamente a las autoridades. Se maravilló de la disposición limpia y ordenada de Hagåtña; con automóviles, que aún no habían llegado a Samoa o Saipán, y luces eléctricas. Pisa tenía con él una carta de recomendación que su maestro de la escuela alemana en Saipán había escrito. El gobernador William J. Maxwell hizo que un miembro de habla alemana de la banda naval viniera y lo tradujera. Hizo una discriminación positiva. Porque, hasta entonces, Pisa no podía explicarse en inglés, aunque podía conversar un poco en chamorro con los guardias.

INTERROGADO POR EL GOBERNADOR

Al día siguiente, Pisa fue enviado para ser interrogado por el gobernador. Maxwell hizo que José Roberto Torres, un joven empleado del gobierno, actuara como intérprete. Roberto usaría el chamorro con Pisa, pero resultó que Pisa no conocía lo suficientemente el idioma para comunicarse. Entonces llamaron nuevamente al miembro de la banda, de habla alemana, porque Pisa tenía un mejor dominio del alemán.

Afortunadamente para Pisa, el capitán alemán del SMS Cormoran, escondido de los japoneses en la Bahía de Apra, pudo informar al gobernador Maxwell sobre la identidad de Pisa y por qué terminó en Saipán. Maxwell no creyó que Pisa debiese ir a las escuelas gubernamentales de Guam para aprender inglés. El gobernador encontraría otra forma. No mucho después, Pisa fue puesto a trabajar en la imprenta del gobierno como tipógrafo. De esa forma aprendería el idioma inglés, juntando las letras para imprimir boletines en inglés. Las personas con las que se asociaba, tanto dentro como fuera del trabajo, le hablaban en inglés y también lo ayudaban a aprender de esa manera. Maxwell decidió que Pisa debería esperar hasta que terminara la guerra y ver realmente quién tenía el control sobre Samoa, antes de que Pisa regresara.

EN HONOLULU, LUEGO SAMOA

Bueno, la Primera Guerra Mundial finalmente terminó en 1918. Pero Pisa escuchó el consejo del nuevo gobernador estadounidense de Guam para esperar hasta que un transporte de la Marina pudiera llevarlo a Honolulu de forma gratuita, ya que había trabajado para el Gobierno Naval durante cuatro años. El gobernador también le dio a Pisa una carta de recomendación para los jefes de la Marina en Pearl Harbor y, efectivamente, Pisa consiguió un trabajo con la Marina en Hawai y luego en una imprenta privada.

Pero la familia de Pisa lo quería de regreso en Samoa, y también el gobierno colonial de allí. Pisa tenía un buen conocimiento del inglés y sería útil en las oficinas gubernamentales de Samoa. Su personalidad agradable le ganó amigos en Honolulu que estaban tristes de verlo partir. Su marcha incluso llegó a los periódicos de Hawai. Regresó a Samoa y trabajó para el Departamento de Asuntos Nativos hasta 1942. Falleció en 1965.


21 comments:

  1. Samoans in Guam. I heard a story of Samoan influence in a Guamanian village. Any thoughts?

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  2. Owow! So the oral stories are true. Amazing.

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  3. Wow amazing piece of history there, thanks for sharing

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  4. Read about I'iga Pisa as one of "Mau a Pule" movement member exiled to Saipan with Lauaki and group. But this is an amazing piece of history that I had not known until now! Very good read!

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    1. Does anyone know where Iiga Pisa was from?

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    2. I’iga Pisa was from Lealatele In Savaii, the biggest of the Samoan islands. When Pisa returned to Samoa after this exile he settled in the village of Leauvaa in Upolu the second biggest island where the majority of the Samoan population reside and where its commercial centre Apia is located.

      Pisa was the Sa’o or Head of our family bearing our High Chief title I’iga originated from Fonoti Le Tupu (King). Proudly, my mother Falenaoti was a niece to Pisa and she later succeeded the title I’iga after Pisa. Praise God for His love for I’iga Pisa.
      Faafetai.
      Vui Vitale.

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  5. Wow! Amazing piece of History.. should be made into a movie ..

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  6. Proud Great-Grandson, that’s our Papa!!!!

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    1. Amazing! I'm doing some research on the song, Fale'ula e for university, but am having trouble finding info, I did read a comment on youtube that said your great grandpa wrote that song? Would you be able to enlighten me on its history if possible? Ik now its a big ask, but worth a try :) manuia :)

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    2. PuaPua Savaii, that was Iiga Pisa’s brother who wrote & sung those old Samoan hyms...

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    3. He was from Pua Pua Savaii, his brother Talitimu was the 1 who wrote & sung those old Samoan songs...

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  7. I remembered those Samoan housing at the end of the TT government.

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  8. thanks for sharing this amazing piece of history. He is indeed a legend. RIL sir

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  9. Woooow amazing history, and he was still alive at the time of Samoa first independent Rip ♥️♥️♥️♥️

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